COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Early Public Health Intervention in Wuhan, China

The world continues to suffer from mortalities due to infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. As of 12 January 2025, COVID -19 has killed over 2,800 people in the past 28 days globally. From 2021 to 2024, the Marburg virus disease has claimed 59 lives in sub-Saharan Africa. Against this backdrop, this article intends to critically assess the early public health intervention against COVID-19 during its emergence in Wuhan, China enabling us to learn valuable lessons on the significance of epidemic management to avert future pandemics. Therefore, this review article explores and critiques the early public health response to COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. By deploying WHO-China reports on the coronavirus and other relevant secondary sources, this review article revealed the unrestricted movement of over half of Wuhan’s population for the New Year celebration between 11 and 23 January 2020. Hence, we maintained that this uncontrolled emigration and delayed disease response contributed substantially to the rapid dispersal of COVID-19 outside Wuhan. Other studies have focused on the mutagenic properties of the virus and its clinical manifestation. Nevertheless, this review article highlights the implication of timely public health response to prevent escalation of outbreaks. An emphasis on Wuhan, China illuminates our understanding regarding the importance of prompt epidemic control in mitigating future pandemics.