Comparison of the Writing Characteristics of "Statistics and Probability" in Chinese and American Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks

This paper selects junior high School mathematics textbooks from the Zhejiang Education Edition in China and the Glencoe Edition in the United States, and conducts a comparative study on the writing characteristics of "Statistics and Probability" content in the textbooks of the two countries by comparing the breadth, depth, and content connections of knowledge points. The paper employs content analysis to count the number of knowledges points and assesses the curriculum coverage using a difficulty model. Building on Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives and integrating the connotations of target behavior verbs from mathematics curriculum standards, the cognitive domain is categorized into four levels: awareness, understanding, mastery, and application. The depth of the two textbooks is quantitatively analyzed by considering the presentation methods of content. Variance and Markov sequence analyses, facilitated by Matlab software, are used to compare the transitions and connections of knowledge points, revealing the characteristics of difficulty distribution and structural design. The findings indicate that the Zhejiang Education Edition emphasizes the theoretical and foundational aspects of statistics, with content depth primarily at the awareness and understanding levels, and knowledge points are often introduced through examples. In contrast, the Glencoe Edition has broader coverage in data analysis and practical applications, with cognitive levels reaching mastery and application.